Blackwell Reference Online

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‘Affective’ means ‘related to feelings’. One of the three areas considered to make up the individual differences between learners which influence their degree of success in foreign language learning is the affective area, and motivation and attitude are generally regarded as the two major affective variables. Both are considered to be of considerable importance to learning success, particularly in certain contexts (many affective variable studies have been undertaken in the bilingual context of Canada). Some commentators use the term more widely than this, to include variables like extroversion/introversion , although these are more generally considered under personality variables . ( 1985 ). Social Psychology and Second Language Learning: The role of attitudes and motivation . London : Edward Arnold . * ( 1972 ). Attitudes and Motivation in Second Language Learning . Rowley , MA : Newbury House . ( 1989 ). Individual Differences in Second-Language Learning . London : Edward Arnold . ... log in or subscribe to read full text