Blackwell Reference Online

Extract

(excluding minor children raised to the rank of Augustus who did not reign as Augustus in their own right) Augustus 31 bce –14 ce Tiberius 14–37 Caligula 37–41 Claudius 41–54 Nero 54–68 Galba 68–69 Otho 69 Vitellius 69 Vespasian 69–79 Titus 79–81 Domitian 81–96 Nerva 96–98 Trajan 98–117 Hadrian 117–137 Antoninus Pius 137–161 Marcus Aurelius 161–180 Lucius Verus (co-emperor with Marcus) 161–167 Commodus 180–192 Pertinax 193 Didius Julianus 193 Septimius Severus 193–211 Caracalla 211–217 Geta (co-emperor with Caracalla) 211 Macrinus 217–218 Elagabalus 218–222 Alexander Severus 222–235 Maximinus 235–238 Gordian I Gordian II (co-emperor with Gordian I) 238 Pupienus and Balbinus 238 Gordian III (Caesar to Pupienus and Balbinus) 238 Gordian III 238–244 Philip 244–249 Decius 249–251 Gallus 251–253 Aemilianus 253 Valerian 253–260 Gallienus (as co-emperor with Valerian) 253–260 (as sole emperor) 260–268i Claudius II 268–270 Vaballathus 269–271ii Aurelian 270–275 Tacitus 275–276 Probus 276–282 Carus 282–283 Carinus 283–285 Numerian (co-emperor with Carinus) 283–284 Diocletian 284–305iii Maximian (as Caesar) 285–286 (as Augustus) 286–305 Constantius I (as Caesar) 293–305 Galerius (as Caesar) 293–305 Constantius I (as Augustus) 305–306 Galerius (as Augustus) 305–311iv Severus (as Caesar) 305–306 Maximin Daia (as Caesar) 305–310 Constantine (as Caesar) 306–308 Severus (as Augustus) ... log in or subscribe to read full text