Blackwell Reference Online

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Carolyn Temple Adger directs the Language in Society Division at the Center for Applied Linguistics in Washington, DC. She has conducted several studies of classroom discourse and interaction among teachers in a professional development setting and has applied linguistic research in work with teachers of English language learners. Her publications include Dialects in Schools and Communities (with Walt Wolfram & Donna Christian, 2007) and What Teachers Need to Know about Language (co-edited with Catherine E. Snow & Donna Christian, 2002). Misty Adoniou is a lecturer in literacy and ESL in the School of Teacher Education and Community Services at the University of Canberra in Australia. Her research interests include multimodality in literacy teaching and children's out-of-school literacy practices. Lyle F. Bachman is Professor and Chair of Applied Linguistics at the University of California, Los Angeles. His publications include Fundamental Considerations in Language Testing (1990), Interfaces between Second Language Acquisition and Language Testing Research (co-edited with Andrew Cohen, 1998), Language Testing in Practice (with Adrian S. Palmer, 1996) and Statistical Analyses for Language Assessment (2004). His current research interests include validation theory, epistemological issues in Applied Linguistics research, and issues in assessing the academic ... log in or subscribe to read full text