Blackwell Reference Online

Extract

The term “Chimurenga” means revolution or rebellion which is continuous. Zimbabwe, formerly Southern Rhodesia or just Rhodesia, has seen two Chimurenga. The first occurred between 1896 and 1897. The second commenced in 1970 and ended in 1979. The Chimurenga engaged with here is the first Chimurenga, along with directly connected events which influenced the rising of the Africans in Zimbabwe both before and after the continuous armed resistance of 1896–7. The Shona “state” just prior to 1850 cannot be characterized as a centralized state, though various chiefs gave tribute to the Rozvi-Changamire dynasty. Rather, the Shona may be considered as a society which for the most part is religiously, culturally, economically, socially, linguistically, and historically homogeneous. Collectively, Shona society also extended into present-day Mozambique, along the Zambezi River to as far south as Sena. While the political aspects of Shona life among the leaders were relatively decentralized, all Shona sought religious guidance in matters including war and peace, as well as issues pertaining to spiritual favor or to bring about rains and other blessings. There were many strong political alliances, as well as rivalries. Prior to 1850 the most influential state was that of the Rozvi-Changamire dynasty, which was militarily, politically, economically, and spiritually the most capable. Most other ... log in or subscribe to read full text